The global energy crisis, exacerbated by geopolitical instability, has necessitated a fundamental review of the principles governing the construction sector, one of the largest consumers of energy resources. Traditional approaches to design, focused on static operating conditions, are proving ineffective in the context of acute energy shortages and dynamic changes in the functional needs of society. Existing architectural and construction systems do not provide the necessary level of adaptation to external climatic factors and internal functional requirements, especially in the context of hybrid use of spaces that combine residential, commercial, and public functions.
The aim of the study is to develop conceptual principles and a methodology for designing adaptive architectural and construction systems aimed at ensuring the energy sustainability and functional flexibility of facilities in the context of the energy crisis.
Materials and methods. The study is based on a systematic analysis of modern technological solutions for adaptive architecture, including dynamic facade systems, materials with variable properties, and intelligent energy management systems. A comparative method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different approaches, energy flow modeling to quantitatively test hypotheses, and expert assessment to validate the proposed methodology.
Results. A classification of adaptive systems is proposed based on the criteria of the object of influence (formwork, enclosing structures, engineering networks) and the type of adaptation (passive, active, hybrid). A multi-level model of integrated design has been developed, combining: (1) analysis of the context and requirements of hybrid use; (2) selection of optimal adaptive technologies; (3) integration with automated control systems (BIM, IoT); (4) assessment of energy efficiency and economic feasibility. It has been established that the implementation of the proposed solutions allows reducing the energy consumption of the facility by 30-45 % compared to traditional analogues and ensuring rapid adaptation of the space to changing functional needs.
