Introduction. In the current conditions of economic transformation and the intensification of global challenges, the issue of ensuring sustainable development is becoming particularly relevant. Logistics, as one of the key spheres of economic activity, plays a decisive role in the formation of effective flow processes and directly influences the economic, environmental, and social outcomes of systems at various levels. In this regard, the integration of sustainable development principles into logistics activity becomes a necessary prerequisite for the formation of balanced economic systems.
Problem Statement. Despite the existence of international indicators for assessing logistics sustainability, existing approaches mainly focus on determining the overall level of industry development and do not consider the degree of harmony between the economic, environmental, and social components. This situation complicates the objective assessment of logistics system sustainability, as high aggregate indicators may conceal significant structural imbalances. At the same time, at the micro-level, there is no universal methodology for comprehensively measuring the sustainability of logistics providers and supply chains.
Purpose. The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for determining sustainability indicators of logistics activity at the macro- and micro-levels, taking into account the principle of harmonious combination of economic, environmental, and social development vectors.
Materials and Methods. The study applied an analysis of scientific approaches to the interpretation of sustainable development and the structuring of logistics systems, as well as methods of comparative analysis and generalization. For macro-level assessment, the UNCTAD SFT index was used as a basis, supplemented by the calculation of an inequality coefficient based on the Gini index to determine the harmony of components. For the micro-level, a system of indicators was proposed according to the subsystems of the logistics system, followed by normalization, aggregation, and integration into a generalized sustainability indicator.
Results. As a result of the study, an improved approach to assessing logistics sustainability at the national level was proposed by adjusting the aggregate index to account for the uniformity of component development. The calculations demonstrated the presence of structural imbalances even with relatively high overall indicators. Additionally, a universal methodology was developed for determining an integrated sustainability indicator of logistics activity for logistics providers and supply chains, taking into account the specifics of their subsystems and the triune nature of sustainable development.
Conclusions. The proposed approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of logistics system sustainability, identification of imbalances between key development vectors, and the formation of well-founded managerial decisions. The methodology is flexible and adaptable to different research objects and can be used as a tool to enhance the effectiveness of implementing sustainable development principles in logistics activity.
